This is a potentially dangerous condition which can cut the supply of oxygen and nutrients to your baby since the placenta has that duty. Only about 1% of all pregnant women will experience placental abruption, and most can be successfully treated depending on what type of separation occurs. Its important that physicians and other medical professionals identify and monitor the following risk factors in expectant mothers. Not only is the mother at risk for health issues, but infants are at risk for death or conditions and disorders that can last a lifetime. Patients and methods from march 1984 to february 1985 patients who had an abruption ofthe placenta study group were compared with a control group. Risk factors for placental abruption include disease, trauma, history, anatomy, and exposure to substances.
However, only a few events have been closely linked to this condition. A number of risk factors have been associated with placental abruption, including. Etiologies and risk factors of placental abruption and neona. Placental abruption occurs during a pregnancy when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall too early. What is the risk of having another placental abruption after having one normal pregnancy and one with placental abruption with no risk factors. The researchers found that the incidence of smoking, alcohol and drug use. Placental abruption can put both the mother and fetus at risk. Clinical variables were compared between the groups. The researchers looked at risk factors for placental abruption such as smoking, drug use, premature rupture of membranes pprom, chorioamnionitis and preterm labor. Placental abruption in a previous pregnancy, unless the abruption was caused by abdominal trauma. Etiologies and risk factors of placental abruption and.
Its hard to predict whether youll be affected by placental abruption ananth et al 2017. Multiple factors are known to be associated with increase of risk of placental abruption such as alcohol, cocaine use and cigarette smoking. A history of placental abruption not caused by abdominal trauma. Apr 15, 2001 placental abruption, defined as premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to delivery, is an uncommon but serious obstetric complication. To study the risk factors of placental abruption during the index pregnancy. This condition usually occurs in the third trimester in about 1% of. Placental abruption is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Placental abruption can happen at any time after 20 weeks of gestation, but most cases occur during labor. What are risk factors for placental abruption answers. Risk factors of placental abruption pubmed central pmc. Placental abruption symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Perinatal mortality and case fatality after placental abruption in norway 19671991. Placental abruption is a rare complication of pregnancy affecting less than 1% of all pregnant women. Multiple factors are known to be associated with increase of risk of.
Maternal alcohol consumption and smoking, and smoking by the partner turned out to be independent risk factors for placental abruption. Maternal hypertension most common cause of abruption, occurring in approximately 44% of all cases maternal trauma eg, motor vehicle. Known risk factors for abruption of the placenta include. An appropriate multidisciplinary management strategy enables maternal morbidity and mortality to be limited, but perinatal mortality, which occurs essentially in utero, remains high. When it occurs, however, the results can be lifethreatening. This can cause bleeding and complications for a mother and her baby. Placental abruption is the partial or full separation of the placenta from the uterus. Placental abruption symptoms and causes mayo clinic. The primary cause of placental abruption is usually unknown, but multiple risk factors have been identified.
Clinical presentation and risk factors of placental abruption. The biggest risk factor for developing this condition is. The exact causes of placental abruption are unknown, but there are certain risk factors that can make a pregnant woman more likely to experience the complication. Trauma to the abdomen in late pregnancy and infections in the uterus can cause placental abruption, but the condition can also occur without warning. High blood pressure during pregnancy, resulting in preeclampsia or eclampsia. A revealed placental abruption, where blood tracks between the membranes, and escapes through the vagina and cervix.
Some factors increase the risk of developing placental abruption. Placental abruption is also one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. Its often an unexpected event in a straightforward pregnancy rcog. Researchers look into risk factors for placental abruption. An appropriate multidisciplinary management strategy enables maternal morbidity and mortality to be limited, but perinatal mortality, which occurs essentially in utero. However, if youre at a higher risk of placental abruption, you can work to reduce your risk. The liberal use of ultrasound examination contributed little to the management of women with placental abruption. You used assisted conception to get pregnant rcog 2011a. Medical professionals should follow standard of care to minimize the chance of placental abruption especially in women with risk factors, monitor the health of both mothers and babies, and promptly intervene if a placental abruption occurs. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for placental abruption in an iranian women population. So, women who experience one or more of the following factors can face the risk of dislodging of the placenta from the uterus wall.
As a major cause of third trimester bleeding, it is responsible for up to one fourth of all perinatal deaths 2 4. For the diagnosis ofabruptio placentae the following criteria had to be met. Nov 30, 2018 the primary cause of placental abruption is usually unknown, but multiple risk factors have been identified. Bleeding in early pregnancy increases the risk for abruption in later pregnancy. Maternal hypertension most common cause of abruption, occurring in. The following risk factors can increase the likelihood you may experience placental abruption. Although many risk factors or risk markers are known, the cause of placental abruption often remains unexplained. Multiple factors are known to be associated with increase of risk of placental abruption such as alcohol, cocaine. Jan 18, 2020 the cause of placental abruption is often unknown. Placental abruption is one of the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. Oct 29, 2010 although many risk factors or risk markers are known, the cause of placental abruption often remains unexplained.
Placental abruption abruptio placentae is an uncommon yet serious. Risk factors leading to placental abruption some factors influence the high risk associated with abruption of the placenta. Did medical malpractice cause my placental abruption. Maternal hypertension most common cause of abruption, occurring in approximately 44% of.
In a normal pregnancy, the placenta remains attached to the. Being pregnant with multiples even twins preeclampsia. In this article, we shall look at the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of placental abruption. Abdominal pain 68% and bleeding 35% comprise the classical symptoms of placental abruption but the clinical picture varies from asymptomatic, in which the diagnosis is made by inspection of the placenta at delivery, to massive abruption leading to fetal death and severe.
In this retrospective study, we aim to evaluate the correlation between various causes and risk factors of placental abruption and neonatal mortality. Jul 23, 2018 placental abruption is a pregnancy complication that doesnt have a known cause. Youre over 40 years old, as your risk increases with age rcog 2011a. Other risk factors for placental abruption include. Factors that can increase the risk of placental abruption include. Possible causes include trauma or injury to the abdomen from an auto accident or fall, for example or rapid loss of the fluid that surrounds and cushions the baby in the uterus amniotic fluid.
Placental abruption among singleton and twin births in the. Maternal risk factors and associated fetal conditions. The cause is unknown in most cases, but risk factors may include maternal high blood pressure, abdominal trauma and. Placental abruption affects about 1% of pregnant woman. The rate of placental abruption is thought to have dramatically increased in the past few years. Placental abruption in a previous pregnancy that wasnt caused by abdominal. In a normal pregnancy, the placenta remains attached. B concealed placental abruption where blood collects behind the placenta, with no evidence of vaginal bleeding oyelese y, ananth cv. Placental abruption causes clinical features management. Risk factors in abruptio placentae include the following. In conclusion, the risk factors for placental abruption are clearly identified, but its occurrence often remains unpredictable and the classic clinical triad is rarely observed. It can occur at any time after 20 weeks of pregnancy, but its most common in the third trimester.
The risk of placental abruption increases sixfold after severe maternal trauma. The cause of placental abruption is not entirely clear. Placental abruption is one of the most significant causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality 2, 3, 7, 12. Anatomical risk factors include uncommon uterine anatomy e. This condition usually occurs in the third trimester but can occur any time after the 20th week of pregnancy. Placental abruption is where a part or all of the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus prematurely. Chorioamnionitis is a bacterial infection or inflammation of the fetal amnion and chorion membranes. Risk factors for placental abruption mainly include preeclampsia 39% and premature rupture of membrane 10%.
I would definitely discuss with your obgyn or even. The cause is unknown in most cases, but risk factors may include maternal high blood pressure, abdominal trauma and substance. Placental abruption is the separation of the placenta from the uterine lining. Substances that increase risk of placental abruption include cocaine and tobacco when consumed during pregnancy, especially the third trimester. Risks to the fetus include iugr intrauterine growth restriction, a condition where the fetus growth slow or stops, early delivery, anemia, rds respiratory distress syndrome in up to 50% of infants, and coagulopathy blood does not clot adequately. Pdf risk factors of placental abruption researchgate. Placental abruption, medical malpractice, and birth injury. It is an important cause of antepartum haemorrhage vaginal bleeding from week 24 of gestation until delivery. Placental abruption is a pregnancy complication that doesnt have a known cause. Although only affecting 1% of pregnancies, placental abruption is a lifethreatening complication of pregnancy for both the mother and baby. One hundred and ninetyeight women with placental abruption and 396 control women were identified among 46,742 women who delivered at a tertiary referral university hospital between 1997 and 2001. What are the risk factors and causes for placental abruption. Retroplacental bleeding from needle puncture ie, postamniocentesis.
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